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向新屏幕发送数据

如何向新路由传递数据。

通常,你不仅需要导航到新屏幕,还需要将数据传递给该屏幕。例如,你可能需要传递关于被点击条目的信息。

请记住:屏幕只是 Widget。在此示例中,创建一个待办事项列表。当点击某个待办事项时,导航到一个显示该待办事项信息的新屏幕(Widget)。本方案包含以下步骤:

  1. 定义一个待办事项类。
  2. 显示待办事项列表。
  3. 创建一个能够显示待办事项信息的详情屏幕。
  4. 导航并向详情屏幕传递数据。

1. 定义一个待办事项(todo)类

#

首先,你需要一种简单的方式来表示待办事项。对于此示例,创建一个包含两部分数据的类:标题和描述。

dart
class Todo {
  final String title;
  final String description;

  const Todo(this.title, this.description);
}

2. 创建待办事项列表

#

其次,显示待办事项列表。在此示例中,生成 20 个待办事项并使用 ListView 显示它们。有关处理列表的更多信息,请参阅使用列表方案。

生成待办事项列表

#
dart
final todos = List.generate(
  20,
  (i) => Todo(
    'Todo $i',
    'A description of what needs to be done for Todo $i',
  ),
);

使用 ListView 显示待办事项列表

#
dart
ListView.builder(
  itemCount: todos.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    return ListTile(title: Text(todos[index].title));
  },
)

到目前为止,一切顺利。这生成了 20 个待办事项并将它们显示在 ListView 中。

3. 创建一个用于显示列表的待办事项屏幕

#

为此,我们创建一个 StatelessWidget,将其命名为 TodosScreen。由于此页面的内容在运行时不会改变,我们需要在这个 Widget 的作用域内要求传入待办事项列表。

我们将 ListView.builder 作为我们返回给 build() 方法的 Widget 的 body 传入。这会将列表渲染到屏幕上,让你开始工作!

dart
class TodosScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  // Requiring the list of todos.
  const TodosScreen({super.key, required this.todos});

  final List<Todo> todos;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Todos')),
      //passing in the ListView.builder
      body: ListView.builder(
        itemCount: todos.length,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          return ListTile(title: Text(todos[index].title));
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

有了 Flutter 的默认样式,你无需为以后想做的事情而操心,直接使用即可!

4. 创建一个用于显示待办事项详细信息的详情屏幕

#

现在,创建第二个屏幕。屏幕标题包含待办事项的标题,屏幕主体显示其描述。

由于详情屏幕是一个普通的 StatelessWidget,要求用户在 UI 中传入一个 Todo。然后,使用给定的待办事项构建 UI。

dart
class DetailScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  // In the constructor, require a Todo.
  const DetailScreen({super.key, required this.todo});

  // Declare a field that holds the Todo.
  final Todo todo;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // Use the Todo to create the UI.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(todo.title)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Text(todo.description),
      ),
    );
  }
}

5. 导航并向详情屏幕传递数据

#

有了 DetailScreen,你就可以执行导航了。在此示例中,当用户点击列表中的待办事项时,导航到 DetailScreen。将该待办事项传递给 DetailScreen

为了在 TodosScreen 中捕获用户的点击,为 ListTile Widget 编写一个 onTap() 回调。在 onTap() 回调内,使用 Navigator.push() 方法。

dart
body: ListView.builder(
  itemCount: todos.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    return ListTile(
      title: Text(todos[index].title),
      // When a user taps the ListTile, navigate to the DetailScreen.
      // Notice that you're not only creating a DetailScreen, you're
      // also passing the current todo through to it.
      onTap: () {
        Navigator.push(
          context,
          MaterialPageRoute<void>(
            builder: (context) => DetailScreen(todo: todos[index]),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  },
),

互动示例

#
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class Todo {
  final String title;
  final String description;

  const Todo(this.title, this.description);
}

void main() {
  runApp(
    MaterialApp(
      title: 'Passing Data',
      home: TodosScreen(
        todos: List.generate(
          20,
          (i) => Todo(
            'Todo $i',
            'A description of what needs to be done for Todo $i',
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}

class TodosScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const TodosScreen({super.key, required this.todos});

  final List<Todo> todos;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Todos')),
      body: ListView.builder(
        itemCount: todos.length,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          return ListTile(
            title: Text(todos[index].title),
            // When a user taps the ListTile, navigate to the DetailScreen.
            // Notice that you're not only creating a DetailScreen, you're
            // also passing the current todo through to it.
            onTap: () {
              Navigator.push(
                context,
                MaterialPageRoute<void>(
                  builder: (context) => DetailScreen(todo: todos[index]),
                ),
              );
            },
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

class DetailScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  // In the constructor, require a Todo.
  const DetailScreen({super.key, required this.todo});

  // Declare a field that holds the Todo.
  final Todo todo;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // Use the Todo to create the UI.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(todo.title)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Text(todo.description),
      ),
    );
  }
}

或者,使用 RouteSettings 传递参数

#

重复前两个步骤。

创建详情屏幕以提取参数

#

接下来,创建一个从 Todo 中提取并显示标题和描述的详情屏幕。要访问 Todo,请使用 ModalRoute.of() 方法。此方法返回带有参数的当前路由。

dart
class DetailScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const DetailScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final todo = ModalRoute.of(context)!.settings.arguments as Todo;

    // Use the Todo to create the UI.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(todo.title)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Text(todo.description),
      ),
    );
  }
}
#

最后,当用户点击 ListTile Widget 时,使用 Navigator.push() 导航到 DetailScreen。将参数作为 RouteSettings 的一部分进行传递。DetailScreen 将提取这些参数。

dart
ListView.builder(
  itemCount: todos.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    return ListTile(
      title: Text(todos[index].title),
      // When a user taps the ListTile, navigate to the DetailScreen.
      // Notice that you're not only creating a DetailScreen, you're
      // also passing the current todo through to it.
      onTap: () {
        Navigator.push(
          context,
          MaterialPageRoute<void>(
            builder: (context) => const DetailScreen(),
            // Pass the arguments as part of the RouteSettings. The
            // DetailScreen reads the arguments from these settings.
            settings: RouteSettings(arguments: todos[index]),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  },
)

完整示例

#
dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class Todo {
  final String title;
  final String description;

  const Todo(this.title, this.description);
}

void main() {
  runApp(
    MaterialApp(
      title: 'Passing Data',
      home: TodosScreen(
        todos: List.generate(
          20,
          (i) => Todo(
            'Todo $i',
            'A description of what needs to be done for Todo $i',
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}

class TodosScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const TodosScreen({super.key, required this.todos});

  final List<Todo> todos;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Todos')),
      body: ListView.builder(
        itemCount: todos.length,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          return ListTile(
            title: Text(todos[index].title),
            // When a user taps the ListTile, navigate to the DetailScreen.
            // Notice that you're not only creating a DetailScreen, you're
            // also passing the current todo through to it.
            onTap: () {
              Navigator.push(
                context,
                MaterialPageRoute<void>(
                  builder: (context) => const DetailScreen(),
                  // Pass the arguments as part of the RouteSettings. The
                  // DetailScreen reads the arguments from these settings.
                  settings: RouteSettings(arguments: todos[index]),
                ),
              );
            },
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}

class DetailScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const DetailScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final todo = ModalRoute.of(context)!.settings.arguments as Todo;

    // Use the Todo to create the UI.
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(todo.title)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Text(todo.description),
      ),
    );
  }
}